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BIOGRAPHY: Hemingway, Ernest
Ernest Hemingway was Born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park , Illinois, a community
outside of Chicago. His father , Clarence, was a medical doctor, and his
mother, Grace, gave piano and voice lessons. He was born in the family
home at 439 Oak Park Avenue , a house built by his widowed grandfather
Ernest Hall. Hemingway was the second of six children, he had four
sisters and one brother. He was named after his grandfather Ernest Hall
and his great uncle Miller Hall. So his full name is Ernest Miller Hemingway.
The town where he lived was basically a conservative town that tried to
isolate itself from Chicago`s liberal seediness. Hemingway was raised
with the conservative mid western values of :
+ strong religion
+ hard work
+ physical fitness
&
+ self determination
As a boy his father taught him to hunt and fish along the shores and
in the forests surrounding Lake Michigan. The Hemingway`s had a summer
house , called Windemere on Horton Bay at the northern end of Lake Michigan
and the family would spend the summer months their trying to stay cool.
Hemingway would fish the different streams that ran into the lake, or he
would take the row boat out on the bay and do some fishing there. It was
something very special for him, because he could always go back to throughout
his life, wherever he was. Nature would be touchstone of Hemmingway`s life
and work, and though you often found his self living in major cities like:
+ Key West
+ San Francisco
de Paula
+ Cuba
or
+ Idaho
All were convenient locals for hunting and fishing. When Ernest was
not hunting or fishing by himself or with his father, his mother taught
him the finer points of music. Grace, his mother, was a singer who once
had a career on stage, but then she settled down with her husband and occupied
her time by giving voice and music lessons to local children, including
her own children, but Ernest never had something left for music. Hemingway
received his formal schooling in the Oak Park public school systems. In
High school he was a great sportsman, for example: playing football,
swimming and water basketball.
He enjoyed working on the High school newspaper called: “THE TRAPEZE”
, where he wrote his first articles, usually humorous ones where he imitated
the popular satirist of the time, Ring Lardner. Hemingway graduated in
the spring of 1917 and instead of going to college like his parents expected,
he took a job as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star. The job was arranged
for by his uncle Tyler who was a close friend of the chief editorial writer
of the paper.
At the time of Hemingway`s graduation from High School, World War(1)
was raging in Europe and despite Woodrow Wilson`s attempts to keep America
out of the war , the United States joined the Allies in the fight against
Germany and Austria in April ,1917. When Hemingway turned eighteen
he tried to enlist in the army, but it was deferred because of his bad
left eye that he probably inherited from his mother. When he heard that
the Red Cross was taking volunteers as ambulance drivers he quickly signed
up. He was accepted in December of 1917. He left his job at the paper in
April 1918, and sailed to Europe in May. In the short time that Ernest
worked for the Kansas City Star he learned some stylistic lessons that
would later influence his fiction. The newspaper advocated:
+ short sentences
+ short paragraphs
+ active verbs
+ authenticity
+ compression
+ clarity &
immediacy
Hemingway later said:
“ Those were the best rules I ever learned for the business of writing.
I have never forgotten them.”
Hemingway, upon reaching Europe, first went to Paris, then in
early June, after receiving his orders, he travelled to Milan, Italy. The
day he arrived in Italy, a munitions factory exploded and he had to carry
mutilated bodies and body parts. Two days later he was dent to an ambulance
unit at the town of Schio, where he worked as an ambulance driver.
On July 8, 1918, only a fey weeks after arriving , Hemingway was wounded
by fragments from an Austrian mortar shell which landed just a few feet
away. The explosion knocked Hemingway unconscious while killing one Italian
soldier. 200 pieces of shrapnel being lodged in Hemingway`s legs, but he
still managed to carry another wounded soldier back to an ambulance station.
And for this, he was awarded the Italian silver Medal for Valour. Hemingway
described his injuries to a friend of his:
“ There was one of those big noises you sometimes hear at the
front. I died then. I felt my soul or something coming right out of my
body, like you do pull a silk handkerchief out of a pocket by one corner.
It flew all around and then came back and went in again and I was
not dead anymore.”
Hemingway`s experiences in Italy and his relationship with his nurse
Agnes van Kurowsky inspired his great novel - A Farewell To Arms-
.
Later Hemingway returned to the U.S. He them went back to reporting,
and, in 1921, he met and married Hadley Richardson of St. Louis. Later
they went to live in Paris, there Ernest was working for the “Toronto Star
“ but they were also living of Hadley`s inheritance. But he was also polishing
his fiction, and it was during this period of 1921- 1926 that Ernest established
his writing, especially his style made him unique and very influential.
His first short story “ IN OUR TIME ” was published 1925.
Ernest and Hadley had a son, his name was John. The young family toured
a lot of Europe, for example:
+ skiing in the winter. Also during the summers, beginning in 1923,
the Hemingway`s travelled to Spain to the Festival of San Fermin in Pamplona.
These Spanish experiences provided the material for his novel:
“THE SUN ALSO RISES ”, published in 1926.
It was also during 1926 that Hemingway`s marriage to Hadley broke up,
after he had met the wealthy Pauline Pfeiffer.
Ernest and Pauline were married in 1927, and they has two more sons:
Patrick in 1928 and Gregory in 1931.
In the late 1930s, Hemingway met and fell in love with Martha Gellhorn,
herself a journalist and writer. The two were married in 1940. And in 1944,
he met and felt in love with Mary Welsh. He divorced from Martha in 1945
and married Mary in 1946.
He actively supported the Republicans during the Spanish Civil War
and he also was a war correspondent before moving to Cuba, where he wrote
“ THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA “ in 1952. In 1954 he was awarded to the
Nobel Price for Literature and after a long period of serious illness
he shot himself in Idaho.
Something about Hemingway`s Style:
He is unlike his contemporaries, because he wrote things simply ( -
) . He stripped the language to its essentials and cut out unnecessary
words. The sentences are very short, with few adjectives and adverbs. And
nouns and verbs are concrete and frequently repeated. He once said in a
passage from Death in the Afternoon:
“ I found the greatest difficulty, beside from knowing what you really
felt, rather than what you were supposed to fell, and had been taught to
feel, was to put down what really happened in action: what the actual things
where which produced the emotions you experienced....the real thing.....
The reader is able to visualise the situation and emotion for himself.
It is also said that you have to read between the lines when you read a
story from Ernest Hemingway .
His theory is that you only understand 1/8 when you read a story.
Now I do like to present a story from Ernest Hemingway, she is called:
HILLS LIKE WHITE ELEPHANTS
The story is about an American boy and a girl who are sitting in a bar
and talking about abortion. They are waiting for their train, which comes
in 40 minutes.
It is very hot and so they sit outside and drink some beer. There is
a magnificent few opposite them. The girl looks the whole time at the line
of hills and she says that they look like whit elephants.
The American is not really interested what the girl is saying.
Later they taste another beer and the girl says that it tastes like
liquorice, she says that everything tastes like liquorice. They are
speaking about drinks, white elephants and the things they have waited
so long for but even though it is not a good conversation at all.
She says that they could have everything, but he does not agree with her
because he thinks that if you once take it away you will never get
it back. Things are like the white elephants the girl says, you like them
or not, but he does not worry about things , because they are the way they
are.
He only wants her best, because he does not want her to do anything
she does not want to do. Then he goes to the other side of the station
to take the bags there. When he comes back he asks her, how she feels and
she says that she is fine.
SOURCE:
+ http://nobel.sdsc.edu/laureates/literature-1954-1-bio.html
+ http://sfbox.vt.edu:10021/L/loanders/style.html
+ http://www.mala.bc.at.ca/~lanes/english/hemngway/ehlife.htm
+ http://www.midkan.com/salinasouth/edwards/hemingway/boo.htm
+ The Oxford campaign to English Literature
+ The Readers campaign to the twentieth century
OPINION:
I’m of the opinion that Ernest Hemingway has found out one of the important
things, that if you read a story , you should read between the lines. I’m
sure that it is important but it is really very difficult. You really have
to think about :” what is going on at the moment” – and that is why I think
that many people do not read Hemingway.
For many people he is to difficult, not he ,only his texts. All in all
his style is really good and I also think that he must have been a
very intelligent person. And a Casanova!!!
Andrea Meichenitsch
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